Lekani kulakwitsa sodium sulfide!

Lekani kulakwitsa sodium sulfide!

"Ndizovuta bwanji!"Bambo wina wovala maovololo opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anakoka chigoba chake cha gasi mopanda chipiriro, “Eya, m’bale, chinthuchi n’choipa kwambiri, ngakhale chitakhala chovutira chotani, uyenera kutenga zinthu zonsezi!”Wina Wamtaliyo anatambasula dzanja lake la gulovu labala ndi kumusisita paphewa munthuyo.“Koma musandiwuze, chinthuchi chikugulitsidwa bwino kwambiri.Ndinaitanitsa katundu wina dzulo.Ndikapeza ndalama, ine ndi mchimwene wanga tipita kukamwa mowa!”

Sodium Sulfide adayang'ana ziwerengero za anthu awiri omwe amachoka pang'onopang'ono, koma kusaleza mtima kwa mwamunayo kunali m'maganizo mwake, ngati kuti wabwerera ku nthawi yomwe aliyense adamupewa kalekale ...

l Sakonda sodium sulfide

"Ichi ndi chiyani!Dzanja langa, dzanja langa likupweteka kwambiri!”

“Chanunkha chani!N’chifukwa chiyani akununkha ngati mazira owola!”

Anthu ena anakuwa mokweza kwinaku akugwira manja awo ofiira ndi opukutidwa, ena anatseka mphuno zawo n’kuloza, ndipo pamalopo panasanduka bwinja.

Mwadzidzidzi wina analoza mulu wa flakes zofiira zofiira ndi khaki-yellow ndi kufuula kuti: “Izi ndiye!Ndi sodium sulfide!

Sodium sulfide yemwe ankamutchula dzina lake ananjenjemera mwadzidzidzi, ngati kuti wina watulutsa mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndipo sanayerekeze kusuntha.

Pamene inali ndi miyala ina ya mankhwala kale, inali yamtundu wina.Inadziwa kuti inali yapoizoni, kapena yakupha kwambiri.Chinkangokhalira kukhala ndi anzake oopsa, ndipo amene sakanatha kuchigwiritsa ntchito ankachipewa., anthu omwe angagwiritse ntchito amapezanso zovuta kwambiri.

Sodium Sulfide adayang'ana gulu la anthu lomwe likubwera ndi kupita, ndipo likufuna kutsutsa kuti sizinali zowopsa, koma adayang'ananso "nkhani zachitetezo" zomwe zidayikidwa pakhoma.

Sodium sulfide adatsitsa mutu wake, angakane bwanji?Anthu amenewo akunena zoona, ndi munthu wovuta kwambiri.

Samalani kuti musadye molakwika, kapena ngakhale kununkhira komwe kumatulutsa, ndipo nthawi zina muyenera kuvala chigoba cha gasi;ngakhale kukhudza kophweka kungayambitse kufiira ndi kuphulika chifukwa cha kuwononga kwake, kotero kuti anthu onse omwe angakumane nawo Ogwira ntchito ake ayenera kuvala magolovesi a mphira ngakhale kuvala zovala zogwirira ntchito zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri;kuonjezerapo, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti kupewe kutayikira komanso kukonza madzi otayira opangira.Ngati kusungunuka ndi volatilized mpweya si kugwiridwa bwino, ndi sulfide m'madzi n'zosavuta hydrolyze, mu mawonekedwe a H2S Anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga, nseru ndi kusanza atangotengedwa mu kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndipo ngakhale kuvutika kupuma. , kulephera kupuma, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi poizoni.Ngati ifika 15-30mg / m3 mumlengalenga, imayambitsa kutupa kwa nembanemba ya diso ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya optic.H2S yotayidwa mumlengalenga imakokedwa ndi anthu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo idzachitapo kanthu ndi cytochrome, oxidase ndi zomangira za disulfide mu mapuloteni aumunthu ndi ma amino acid m'thupi la munthu, zomwe zimakhudza ndondomeko ya okosijeni ya maselo, kuchititsa hypoxia m'maselo, ndi kuika pangozi. thanzi la munthu.moyo.Ndipo ngati madzi otayidwawo sanakonzedwe bwino, zomwe zimachititsa kuti munthu amwe madzi okhala ndi sulfide kwa nthaŵi yaitali, angachititse kuti munthu asamamve kukoma, asamafune kudya, aonde, tsitsi asamere bwino, ndiponso kuti alephere ndiponso kufa pakachitika ngozi.

Sodium Sulfide adausa moyo, zidapezeka kuti anali wovuta kwambiri.

l Sodium sulfide: N’zoona kuti ndi wakupha, ndipo n’zoona kuti ndi wothandiza

"Sodium sulfide kachiwiri."

Nditamva chiganizo ichi, sodium sulfide idatsitsimuka.Zinali pafupi kuyamba kugwira ntchito.Poyerekeza ndi kukhala m’nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zosatentha kwambiri komanso mouma, imakonda kuviikidwa m’madzi, kusungunuka, kapena kusakaniza ndi mankhwala ena.Mankhwalawa ali ndi chidwi chodabwitsa.

“Ee, mwana.Ndinu wabwino kwambiri.Muli ndi ntchito zambiri, magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.N’zosadabwitsa kuti pali anthu ambiri amene amayitanitsa.”

“Zoona?Kodi ndine wothandiza?”

Sodium Sulfide anakweza mutu wake, maso ake anali odzaza ndi chiyembekezo, koma thupi lake linali litafota pakona, osalimba mtima kupita patsogolo.

“Zoonadi, mukuona, mungathe kupanga utoto wa sulfure m’makampani opanga utoto, umene ungakhale zipangizo za sulfure cyan ndi buluu wa sulfure;Kuchotsa tsitsi;Kukonzekera kwa sodium polysulfide kufulumizitsa khungu louma ndikuwukha ndikufewetsa ndilofunikanso kwambiri;mumagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chophika chopangira mapepala mumakampani opanga mapepala;denitrification ndi kuchepetsa nitrates mu makampani nsalu ndi udindo wanu;utoto wa mordant kwa wopangira utoto wa thonje;ngakhale m'makampani opanga mankhwala, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga antipyretics monga phenacetin;osati izi zokha, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kupanga sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, ndi zina zotere. Zonsezi ndi zanu Zimagwira ntchito!

Sodium sulfide anaganiza za izo kwa nthawi yaitali tsiku limenelo.Ikadali yothandiza, sikuti ili ndi zofooka zokha.Popeza ndi yovuta, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira.Iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yomwe iyenera kuchita.

M'makampani opanga zitsulo, amatha kuchotsa ayoni odetsedwa bwino monga Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, etc. mu njira zosowa zapadziko lapansi.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kulamulira pH pafupifupi 5 ndi kuwonjezera Na2S kwa osowa lapansi eluate kuchotsa zonyansa osati ndi zotsatira zabwino kuchotsa zonyansa, komanso sikutaya dziko osowa.

Kapena gwiritsani ntchito madzi otayira okhala ndi mercury omwe ndi ovulaza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.M'makampani opanga soda, mercury yomwe ili m'madzi otayira otayidwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yochulukirapo, kupitilira muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi (0.05mg/L).Mu njira yochepetsera (pH 8-11), ma mercury ions amatha kupanga ma insoluble precipitates ndi sodium sulfide.Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa tebulo lophatikizidwa kuti mankhwala osungunuka a HgS ndi ochepa kwambiri (Ksp=1.6×10-52).Kupyolera mu kafukufukuyu, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamene kuchuluka kwa Na2S kumakhala kosalekeza ndipo pH mtengo umayendetsedwa pa 9-10, ndipo Hg2 + m'madzi owonongeka akhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala pansi pa dziko lonse (0.05mg / L).Kuphatikiza apo, powonjezera FeSO4 kuti apange ma colloids a Fe(OH)2 ndi Fe(OH)3 m'madzi, ma colloidswa sangangowonjezera ayoni a mercury, komanso amatchera ndi kuvala tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta HgS, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yabwino pakuphatikizana ndi mpweya. .Chidacho sichapafupi kuipitsidwa kawiri ndipo ndichosavuta kutaya.

Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa arsenic.Ziyenera kudziwika kuti arsenic nthawi zambiri amakhala mu mchere mu mawonekedwe a sulfide.Pa pyro-smelting ndondomeko, ambiri arsenic volatilizes mu chitoliro mpweya ndi fumbi, makamaka umuna mwachindunji otsika ndende SO2 adzaipitsa chilengedwe.Choncho, arsenic kuchotsa ayenera kuchitidwa pamaso chitoliro mpweya wotsatira mankhwala kapena kuchotsa.Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Na2S kuti mutenge mpweya wa SO2 flue, kuti As3+ ndi S2- fomu As2S3 precipitate (Ksp=2.1×10-22), pa pH yapamwamba (pH>8), As2S3 ikhoza kusungunuka kupanga As3S3-6 kapena AsS2- 3, poyerekeza ndi pH yotsika, yankho limatulutsa mpweya wa H2S.Kafukufuku wa Yin Aijun et al.[4] imasonyeza kuti pamene pH ya yankho imayendetsedwa mumtundu wa 2.0 mpaka 5.5, nthawi yochitapo ndi mphindi 50, kutentha kwa 30 mpaka 50 ° C, ndipo flocculant ikuwonjezeredwa, mlingo wa kuchotsa arsenic ukhoza kufika. 90%.% pamwamba.Pakupanga mankhwala woyera mpweya wakuda, pofuna kuchepetsa zili zonyansa arsenic mu anaikira sulfuric asidi kupanga zopangira, sodium sulfide anawonjezera anaikira sulfuric asidi kupanga As3 + mawonekedwe As2S3 ndi precipitate ndi kuchotsa izo.Kupanga mchitidwe kumasonyeza kuti sodium sulfide amachotsa arsenic osati mofulumira anachita liwiro, komanso ndi kuchotsa kwathunthu arsenic.Zomwe zili mu arsenic mu sulfuric acid mutachotsa arsenic ndi zosakwana 0.5 × 10-6, ndipo arsenic wakuda wakuda wa carbon wopangidwa ndi izi ndi ≤0.0003%, zomwe zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi malamulo oyenera.

Imagwiranso ntchito yayikulu mu electroplating!

Choyamba, imagwira ntchito ngati chowunikira.Sodium sulfide imasungunuka m'madzi ndikuyika mu ayoni okhala ndi sodium (Na+) ndi ma ion sulfide (S2-).Panthawi ya electroplating, kupezeka kwa S2- mu electrolyte kungalimbikitse polarization ya cathode.Pakali pano Pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi, cathode reaction speed is imathandizira.Liwiro loyikapo limachulukitsidwanso, kuthekera kwakuya kwakuya kumachulukira, zokutira zimayengedwa, ndipo pamwamba pa gawo lopukutidwa limakhala lowala mofananira.

Ikhozanso kuchotsa zonyansa mu electrolyte, makamaka chifukwa panthawi yopanga electroplating, zonyansa zochulukirapo kapena zochepa muzopangira zidzabweretsedwa mu njira yopangira.Zonyansazi zimachita mosiyana pansi pa machitidwe a ma electrode, ndipo zonyansa zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zochepa zidzayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo lophwanyidwa pamodzi ndi Zn2 +, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa nsalu yotchinga.Pambuyo powonjezera sodium sulfide, S2- mu sodium sulfide ikhoza kupanga ma precipitates ndi ayoni osayera achitsulo, kuteteza zonyansa kuti zisamalowe nawo muzochita za electrochemical ndikupanga zokutira zowala.

Kapena gwiritsani ntchito njira ya sodium sulfide pochotsa mpweya wa flue desulfurization.The kuchira njira SO2 mu mpweya chitoliro makamaka kutembenuza SO2 mu H2SO4, madzi SO2 ndi woyambira sulfure.Elemental sulfure ndi chinthu choyenera kubwezerezedwanso chifukwa chosavuta kuchigwira komanso kuyenda.Njira yatsopano yopangira ma elemental sulfure pogwiritsa ntchito H2S yopangidwa kuchokera ku Na2S yankho ngati chochepetsera kuchepetsa SO2.Izi ndi zophweka ndipo sizifunika kugwiritsa ntchito zochepetsera zotsika mtengo monga gasi wachilengedwe ndi malasha a sulfure ochepa monga matekinoloje opangira zinthu.Pamene pH ya yankho imatsikira ku 8.5-7.5, kuyamwa SO2 ndi Na2S kudzatulutsa H2S, ndi H2S ndi SO2 kudzakhala konyowa Claus anachita mu madzi gawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, sodium sulfide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati choletsa kuti chithandizire kupindula.Malingana ngati pali mbali ziwiri, imodzi ndi yakuti Na2S imapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kuti ipange HS-, ndipo HS- imapatula xanthate adsorbed pamwamba pa mchere wa sulfide, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imadsorbed pamwamba pa mchere kuti iwonjezere hydrophilicity. za mineral surfaces;Kumbali inayi, amakhulupirira kuti Na2S imagwira ntchito yolepheretsa osati Imayambitsidwa ndi kutsatsa kwa HS- pamtunda wa mchere, komanso iyeneranso kugwirizana ndi S2- yopangidwa ndi ionization ya Na2S mu njira yamadzimadzi.

Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa PbS ndi mankhwala ang'onoang'ono osungunuka a PbX2, pamene Na2S ikuwonjezeredwa, kuchuluka kwa S2- kumawonjezeka, ndipo kusuntha kumasunthira kumanzere, zomwe zimapangitsa xanthate kumangirizidwa ku mineral surface desorb, kotero kuti Na2S imatha kulepheretsa mineral surface effect.Pogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa za Na2S, kuyandama kwa Ni2S3 kungalephereke powonjezera Na2S, kotero kuti kulekanitsa kogwira mtima kwa Cu2S ndi Ni2S3 mu matte apamwamba a nickel kutha kuzindikirika.M'mafakitale ena a lead-zinc beneficiation, chifukwa cha zovuta za zida ndi njira zopangira zinthu zopanda nzeru, slag pambuyo poyandama imakhalabe ndi lead ndi zinc.Komabe, chifukwa cha kutengeka kwa zinthu zina zoyandama pamwamba pake, kusanjika kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa matope akuluakulu, zomwe zingayambitse vuto lalikulu pakulekanitsanso miyala yapakatikati ya lead-zinc.Pogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa za Na2S, Na2S ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati reagent kuti iwononge xanthate yomwe yakhala ikugulitsidwa pamtunda wa mchere, kotero kuti ntchito yoyandama yotsatila ndiyosavuta kuchita.The lead-zinki sing'anga ore ali mu Shaanxi Xinhe Concentrator anali pretreated ndi sodium sulfide kuchotsa mankhwala, ndiyeno flotation inachitika kuti apeze kutsogolera maganizo ndi lead zili 63.23% ndi nthaka kuganizira ndi nthaka zili 55.89% (kutsogolera ndi Kuchuluka kwa zinki kumatha kufika 60.56% ndi 85.55% motsatana), zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mchere wachiwiri.Posankhira miyala yamkuwa-zinc sulfide, chifukwa cha symbiosis ya mchere wambiri, sulfure ndi mkuwa wapamwamba wachiwiri, zimakhala zovuta kusankha.Ore yamtunduwu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Cu2 + panthawi yopera, ndipo kuyandama kwake Kuli pafupi ndi chalcopyrite, kotero kuti mchere wamkuwa ndi zinki sizovuta kupatukana.Pokonza mtundu uwu wa ore, powonjezera Na2S pa ore akupera, ndi S2- opangidwa ndi hydrolysis wa Na2S ndi ena heavy metal ayoni ndi kutsegula mphamvu, monga Cu2+, kupanga insoluble sulfide precipitates kuchotsa kutsegula kwa ayoni zitsulo zolemera.Kenako, powonjezera nthaka ndi sulfure zoletsa, ntchito butyl ammonium wakuda mankhwala kuti amakonda kusankha mkuwa-mkuwa michira kwa nthaka kusankha nthaka michira kwa sulfure kulekana kupeza mkuwa kwambiri ndi 25.10% mkuwa ndi nthaka kuganizira ndi 41.20% nthaka ore ndi sulfure maganizo ndi sulfure. sulfure wa 38.96%.

Pamene sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati activator, filimu ya FeS ikhoza kupangidwa pamwamba pa limonite.Chifukwa pa pH yapamwamba, filimu ya FeS ikhoza kuonjezera kutengeka kwa ma amines a maselo, kotero FeS reagent particles angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyandama pa pH yapamwamba.Amine kuyandama kwa limonite.Kuphatikiza apo, Na2S itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira choyandama cha mchere wamkuwa wa oxide.Pamene kuchuluka koyenera kwa Na2S kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho la flotation, dissociated S2- imakhala ndi ma anions a lattice pamwamba pa mchere wotsekemera kuti apange filimu ya sulfide pamwamba pa mchere wamkuwa wa oxide, womwe umapindulitsa kutsatsa kwa osonkhanitsa xanthate.Komabe, filimu ya copper sulfide yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pa copper oxide ore siimalimba kwambiri, ndipo imakhala yosavuta kugwa pamene kugwedeza kuli kolimba.Pochita ndi mgodi wa mkuwa wa Totozui ku Daye, Hubei (mchere wokhala ndi mkuwa wopangidwa makamaka ndi malachite), njira yoyandama yowonjezera Na2S m'magawo angapo ndikutulutsa kukhazikika pamagawo angapo kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa ore wapakati, komanso kuyika kwa mkuwa. Chiŵerengero cha kalasi Njira yopangira yapangidwa bwino ndi 2.1%, ndipo mitengo yobwezeretsa mkuwa ndi golide yawonjezeka ndi 25.98% ndi 10.81% motsatira.Na2S itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati cholumikizira choyandama cha pyrite choponderezedwa ndi laimu wa peralkali mu dongosolo la perkalime.Mu dongosolo la alkali yapamwamba, pamwamba pa pyrite amaphimbidwa ndi filimu ya hydrophilic calcium (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), yomwe imalepheretsa kuyandama kwake.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pambuyo powonjezera Na2S, hydrolyzed HS-ion akhoza kufinya Ca(OH)2, CaSO4 ndi Fe(OH)3 kuphimba pamwamba pa pyrite mbali imodzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, akhoza adsorbed pa. pamwamba pa pyrite..Chifukwa pyrite imatha kusamutsa ma electron, pamene mphamvu ya mawonekedwe a pyrite ndi yaikulu kuposa EHS / S0, HS- imataya ma electron pamwamba pa xanthate kuti apange hydrophobic elemental sulfure.Zotsatira zake za sulfure zimakwirira pamwamba pa mcherewo, potero amawuyambitsa kuti aziyandama mosavuta.

Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kuyandama kwa mchere wa golide ndi siliva, popeza kuyandama kwa golide wopanda golide kumagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za electrochemical komanso kusiyana kwamagetsi pakati pa sulfide ndi golide-siliva wamchere, kuyandama kopanda golide kumakhala ndi zambiri. ubwino.Kusankha kwakukulu, dongosolo losavuta lamankhwala.Kuphatikiza apo, imachotsa kutsatsa kopanda kusankha komwe kumakhala kovuta kuwongolera pakuyandama kwa otolera a xanthate, ndikuthetsa vuto la kuchotsa mankhwala pamaso pa cyanide leaching golide ndi vuto la otolera filimu chotchinga golide leaching.Choncho, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pali maphunziro ambiri pa kuyandama kwa golide ndi siliva mchere popanda wothandizila kuchira.Golide ndi sulfide mchere mu golide ndi siliva ores nthawi zambiri amakhala pamodzi, makamaka golidi ndi pyrite zimadalira kwambiri.Chifukwa pamwamba pa pyrite ali katundu semiconductor ndi ena elekitironi zoyendera mphamvu, ndipo, mwa kuyerekezera pamwamba electrostatic kuthekera pyrite ndi HS-/S0 kuti EHS-/S0, pamene pH wa ore slurry ndi mu osiyanasiyana 8. -13, pyrite Mphamvu ya electrostatic ya pamwamba pa mgodi imakhala yoposa EHS-/S0.Chifukwa chake, HS- ndi S2- ionized ndi Na2S mu zamkati imatuluka pamwamba pa pyrite kuti ipange elemental sulfure.

M'makampani achikopa, sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Makamaka ntchito phulusa-alkali kuphatikiza njira kuchotsa CHIKWANGWANI interstitium pakhungu, kufooketsa kugwirizana pakati pa tsitsi, epidermis ndi dermis, kusintha zotanuka CHIKWANGWANI, kuwononga minofu minofu, ndi kupindula zotsatira za zipangizo zina mu ndondomeko wotsatira pa. khungu;saponify mafuta pakhungu lopanda kanthu , kuchotsa mbali ya mafuta pakhungu ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa;kuti mutsegule zomangira zachiwiri za gawo la collagen, kotero kuti ulusi wa collagen ukhoza kumasulidwa bwino ndikumasula magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito a collagen;ndi kuchotsa malaya ndi epidermis (tsitsi lovunda la alkali) .

Osatchulanso utoto wa sulfure womwe uli ndi mbiri yoposa zaka zana limodzi.Kupanga utoto kumapezeka makamaka kudzera mu njira ziwiri zopangira: njira yophika ndi njira yowira.

Utoto wa sulfure umachepetsedwa ndikusungunuka kuti upangitse njira ya utoto, ndipo ma leucosomes opangidwa amatengedwa ndi ulusi wa cellulose, ndipo pambuyo pa chithandizo cha okosijeni wa mpweya, ulusi wa cellulose umasonyeza mtundu womwe ukufunidwa.

Matrix a utoto wa sulfure alibe kuyanjana kwa ulusi, ndipo kapangidwe kake kali ndi zomangira za sulfure, zomangira za disulfide kapena zomangira za polysulfide, zomwe zimatsitsidwa kukhala magulu a sulfhydryl pansi pa zochita za sodium sulfide kuchepetsa wothandizila ndikukhala mchere wosungunuka wa leucosome wa sodium.Chifukwa chomwe ma leucosomes amalumikizana bwino ndi ulusi wa cellulose ndikuti mamolekyu a utotowo ndi akulu kwambiri, omwenso amapanga mphamvu yayikulu ya Van der Waals ndi mphamvu yolumikizana ndi haidrojeni ndi ulusiwo.

Panthawi imeneyi, sodium sulfide kupanga akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: ufa vulcanization, madzi sungunuka vulcanization, madzi vulcanization, chilengedwe-wochezeka vulcanization, kuchepetsa sulfure ndi omwazika vulcanization.

1. Ufa vulcanization

Mitundu yambiri ya utoto ndi DSSD, ndipo nthawi zambiri imayenera kuwiritsidwa ndi sodium sulfide ndikuyika pambuyo pakusungunuka.Utoto wamtunduwu susungunuka m'madzi, utotowo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala leuco wokhala ndi zochepetsera zamchere, ndipo umasungunuka m'madzi, mchere wa sodium wa leuco utha kuyamwa ndi fiber.

2. Kusungunuka kwamadzi m'madzi

Njira yayikulu yopangira utoto ndi D-SSO3Na.Makhalidwe a mtundu uwu wa utoto ndikuti pali magulu osungunuka m'madzi mumtundu wa mamolekyulu a utoto, womwe umakhala ndi kusungunuka kwabwino komanso katundu wabwino wodaya.Tengani utoto wamba wa sulfure ndi sodium sulfite kapena sodium bisulfite kuti mupange utoto wa thiosulfate, womwe umakhala ndi kusungunuka kwa 150g/L pa 20°C ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito podaya mosalekeza.Utoto wa sulfure wosungunuka m'madzi umasungunuka mwachangu kutentha kwachipinda, palibe chinthu chosasungunuka, ndipo kusungunuka kwamadzi kumakhala kokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za mulingo wa utoto.Utoto wa sulfure wosasungunuka m'madzi uli ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri.Komabe, utoto ulibe chochepetsera ndipo ulibe mgwirizano wa ulusi.M`pofunika kuwonjezera alkali sulfide pa utoto, ndi kusintha mu dziko kuti ali ndi kuyanjana kwa mapadi ulusi kudzera nucleophilic ndi kuchepetsa zimachitikira.Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nsalu pogwiritsa ntchito utoto woyimitsidwa.

3. Vulcanization yamadzimadzi

Kapangidwe kake ka utoto ndi D-SNa, yomwe imakhala ndi sodium sulfide kuchepetsa wothandizila kuti achepetse utotowo kukhala leuco yosungunuka m'madzi.Kuchepetsa utoto wa sulfure wamba kukhala leuco wosungunuka m'madzi ndi chochepetsera, kuwonjezera chochepetsera mochulukira monga antioxidant, kuwonjezera cholowera, mchere wa inorganic ndi chofewa chamadzi kuti apange utoto wamadzimadzi, womwe umadziwikanso kuti utoto wochepetsedwa.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi diluting ndi madzi.Utoto woterewu umaphatikizapo utoto wokhala ndi sulfure, monga utoto wa Casulfon wokhala ndi sodium sulfide, komanso umakhala wopanda kapena wochepa kwambiri wa sulfure, monga utoto wa Immedial, ndipo palibe madzi otayira okhala ndi sulfure panthawi yopaka utoto.

4. Kuwononga zachilengedwe

Popanga, amayengedwa kukhala leucochrome, koma zomwe zili ndi sulfure ndi polysulfide ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa utoto wamba wa sulfure.Utoto uli ndi kuyera kwambiri, kuchepetsedwa kokhazikika, komanso kupenya bwino.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, shuga ndi sodium hydrosulfite zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zochepetsera zowonongeka mumadzi osambira, zomwe sizingachepetse utoto wa sulfure, komanso zimagwira ntchito zachilengedwe.

5. Kuchepetsa sulfure

Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kukhala ufa, wabwino, ultrafine ufa kapena utoto wamadzimadzi, oyenera nsalu za polyester-thonje wosakanikirana ndi kumwaza utoto mu utoto womwewo, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa koloko, sodium hydrosulfite (kapena thiourea dioxide), m'malo mwa sodium sulfide. kuchepetsa ndi kusungunuka, monga Hydron Indocarbon dye.

6. Kubalalitsidwa vulcanization

Utoto wa sulfure womwaza umachokera ku utoto wa sulfure ndi utoto wa sulfur vat, ndipo amapangidwa motsatira njira yamalonda yopangira utoto wobalalitsa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka utoto wa polyester-viscose kapena nsalu zophatikizika za thonje zokhala ndi utoto wobalalitsa mubafa lomwelo.Pali mitundu 16 ya Kayaku Homodye yopangidwa ndi Nippon Kayaku.

Njira yeniyeni yopaka utoto ikhoza kugawidwa m'masitepe anayi

(1) Kuchepetsa utoto Ndikosavuta kusungunula utoto wa sulfure.Sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochepetsera, komanso imagwiranso ntchito ngati alkali.Pofuna kupewa kuti thupi la leuco likhale la hydrolyzed, phulusa la soda ndi zinthu zina zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa moyenera, koma alkalinity ya kusamba kwapang'onopang'ono sikuyenera kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri, mwinamwake kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa utoto kumachepa.

(2) Utoto wa leuco mumtsuko wa utoto umatengedwa ndi ulusi.Leuco wa utoto wa sulfure umapezeka mu anion state mu utoto wa utoto.Imakhala yolunjika ku ulusi wa cellulose ndipo imatha kujambulidwa pamwamba pa ulusi ndikufalikira mkati mwa ulusi.Sulfur utoto wa leuco umakhala wolunjika pang'ono ku ulusi wa cellulose, nthawi zambiri umatenga chiŵerengero chaching'ono chosambira, ndipo umawonjezera electrolyte yoyenera nthawi yomweyo, ukhoza kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa utoto pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndikuwongolera utoto ndi kulowa mkati.

(3) Chithandizo cha okosijeni Pambuyo popaka utoto wa sulfure leuco pa ulusi, uyenera kukhala ndi okosijeni kuti uwonetse mtundu womwe ukufunidwa.Kupaka makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi gawo lofunikira mukadaya ndi utoto wa sulfure.Pambuyo popaka utoto, utoto wa sulfure wokhala ndi okosijeni wosavuta ukhoza kupangidwa ndi mpweya mutatha kutsuka ndi mpweya wabwino, ndiko kuti, njira ya okosijeni ya mpweya imagwiritsidwa ntchito;kwa mitundu ina ya sulfure yomwe simakokedwa mosavuta, ma oxidizing agents amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa okosijeni.

(4) Pambuyo pokonza Pambuyo pokonza Kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kupaka mafuta, anti-brittleness ndi kukonza mtundu, etc. Mitundu ya sulfure iyenera kutsukidwa bwino pambuyo popaka utoto kuti muchepetse sulfure yotsalira pa nsalu ndi kuteteza nsalu kuti zisawonongeke, chifukwa sulfure mu utoto ndi sulfure mu vulcanized alkali mosavuta oxidized mu mlengalenga kupanga sulfuric asidi, amene adzachititsa asidi hydrolysis kwa mapadi CHIKWANGWANI ndi kuwononga.Chepetsani mphamvu ndikupangitsa CHIKWANGWANI kuti chiwonongeke.Choncho, akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi anti-brittle agents, monga: urea, trisodium phosphate, fupa guluu, sodium acetate, etc. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutsekemera kwa sopo wa utoto wa sulfure, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo popaka utoto.Pali njira ziwiri zochizira mtundu kukonza: zitsulo mchere mankhwala (monga potaziyamu dichromate, mkuwa sulphate, mkuwa acetate ndi zosakaniza za mchere izi) ndi cationic mtundu kukonza wothandizira mankhwala (monga mtundu kukonza wothandizila Y).Popanga, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wokonza mtundu M, womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi cationic color-fixing agent ndi mchere wamkuwa, womwe ungachepetse kuipitsidwa kwa chromium.

l Sodium sulfide: Chonde mverani izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito!

"Kodi mukumva chisoni chifukwa muli ndi vuto?"

Sodium Sulfide anagwedeza mutu koma osayankhula, koma mawu adamvekanso

"Koma, zili bwino."

Sodium sulfide adayang'ana bamboyo, yemwe adavala maovololo oletsa dzimbiri, chigoba cha gasi ndi magolovesi a rabala.

"Tawonani, izi ndi zophweka komanso sizovuta konse."

“Ayi, ndizovuta kwambiri.Muyenera kuvala zovala zoletsa dzimbiri, chigoba cha gasi, ndi magolovesi amphira.Zinthu wamba zilibe ntchito.Muli ndi zambiri zodzitetezera.Ngati simusamala, muvulala.Muyenera kuthana nawo mukamagwiritsa ntchito.gasi wotayidwa ndi madzi oipa.”

“Komabe, ndili ndi yankho.Sindiyenera kuvulazidwa, ndipo ndimatha kuthetsa bwino kwambiri.

Ngati nditaya zovala zanga mwangozi, ndimangofunika kuvula zovala zowonongeka nthawi yomweyo, ndikutsuka ndi madzi ambiri othamanga kwa mphindi 15 ndikupita kwa dokotala;ndikakhudza maso mwangozi, ndimatha kukweza zikope nthawi yomweyo ndikutsuka ndi madzi ambiri oyenda Kapena saline wamba ndikutsuka bwino kwa mphindi 15 ndisanalandire chithandizo chamankhwala;ngati nditakokedwa mwangozi, ndidzachoka pamalopo ndikupita kumalo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kuti ndisatseke njira yodutsamo.Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, funsaninso okosijeni.Ngati kupuma kwasiya, yesetsani kupuma mwamsanga ndikupita kuchipatala;ndikamezedwa mwangozi, ndidzatsuka mkamwa ndi madzi, kumwa mkaka kapena dzira loyera, kenako ndikupita kuchipatala.“

"Koma ndikuyakabe!"

"Ndikudziwa, ndinu chinthu choyaka chokhazikika chomwe chili ndi mpweya, ndipo fumbi ndi losavuta kuyaka mumlengalenga.Idzawola ikakumana ndi asidi ndikutulutsa mpweya woyaka.Ikhozanso kupanga zosakaniza zophulika zikakhala mu mawonekedwe a ufa, ndipo njira yamadzimadzi imakhala yowononga komanso yapoizoni kwambiri.Wamphamvu irritant.Pa 100 ° C umayamba kusanduka nthunzi, ndipo nthunzi imatha kuwononga galasi."

Atamva zimenezi, Na Su anamva chisoni kwambiri.Mutu womwe unakwezedwa posachedwapa unali utagwa kale, osayesanso kuyang'ana wokamba nkhaniyo.

“Koma zilibe kanthu, bola ngati madzi, nkhungu, ndi mchenga zitha kuzimitsa motowo.Ngati pali kutayikira, patulani malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, valani chigoba chonse ndi zovala zogwirira ntchito zotsutsana ndi asidi ndi alkali ndikulowa pamalopo kuchokera ku mphepo yamkuntho.Fosholo amasonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe chowuma, choyera, chophimbidwa, kapena kutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri, kuchepetsedwa ndikuyika m'madzi otayira.Ngati ndikudontha kwakukulu, kumatha kutengedwa ndi kukonzedwanso kapena kutumizidwa kumalo otaya zinyalala kuti zikatayidwe.Koma izi ndizo zonse Ndi chidziwitso chomwe taphunzira pasadakhale, ndipo ogwira ntchito pakampani yathu adaphunzira ndi maphunziro mwaukadaulo kuti asatayike.Osadandaula, ngakhale kudziimba mlandu, si vuto lako!”

Patapita nthawi, Sodium Sulfide anakweza mutu wake n’kunena kuti: “Koma uyenera kusamala!Ngakhale waphunzira izi, uyeneranso kusamala, ndizowopsa kundigwiritsa ntchito.”

l Sodium sulfide: Ngati mukufuna kunditulutsa, chonde mverani!

“Nyamulani ndi kunyamula sodium sulfide kutali lero.Mukudziwa njira zonse zodzitetezera.Mumadziwa mafotokozedwe ake komanso kayikidwe kake!

“Inde!”

Kwa kanthawi, fakitale inayamba kugwira ntchito.

Sodium sulfide imatsekedwa mwamphamvu mu ng'oma zachitsulo zokhuthala 0.5 mm, ndipo kulemera kwa ng'oma iliyonse sikudutsa 100 kg.Atanyamula katunduyo, anaikweza pa gondola.

Oyang'anira chitetezo cha njanji amasonkhanitsa katundu wowopsa molingana ndi tebulo la msonkhano wazinthu zoopsa mu "Malamulo Oyendetsa Katundu Woopsa" a Unduna wa Railways.Pa nthawi yotumiza, ogwira ntchitoyo adayang'anitsitsa kukhulupirika ndi chitetezo cha phukusi, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti sichinasakanizidwe ndi okosijeni, ma acid, mankhwala a zakudya, etc. Komanso, galimotoyo ilinso ndi mitundu yofananira ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto ndi zida zadzidzidzi zadzidzidzi zowonongeka.

Ali m’galimotomo, Na S sanalephere kuganizira zimene munthu wina anamuuza asananyamuke

Iye anati: “Mungaganize kuti ndinu wapoizoni kwambiri komanso wowononga zinthu zambiri, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti muli ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo tidzamuuzanso munthu amene atakunyamulani zimene ayenera kumvetsera.Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikusamala.Sewerani udindo wanu, chisamaliro chathu chikhale choyenera, tiwone mphamvu zanu, izi zakwanira. "

Sodium Sulfide ikakhalanso m'nyumba yosungiramo kutentha kwambiri komanso youma, imalakalaka kunyowa m'madzi, koma imamvanso kutopa, koma siyingadikire kuti ithandize mwini wake watsopano kumaliza ntchitoyo!

Kodi mukudziwa za sodium sulfide?

Monga tonse tikudziwira, sodium sulfide ndi poizoni kwambiri komanso ikuwononga, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, ndiye kodi mumamvetsetsa bwino za sodium sulfide?

l Chidule cha sodium sulfide

Pure sodium sulfide ndi ufa wopanda mtundu wa crystalline wokhala ndi hygroscopicity wamphamvu ndipo umasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi.Njira yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi mphamvu ya alkaline ndipo imayambitsa kutentha ikakhudza khungu ndi tsitsi, choncho sodium sulfide imatchedwanso alkali sulfide.Sodium sulfide amadzimadzi njira pang'onopang'ono oxidize mu sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate ndi sodium polysulfide mu mpweya.Mtundu wa mafakitale sodium sulfide ndi pinki, bulauni wofiira, ndi khaki chifukwa cha zonyansa.Yellow flaky sodium sulfide yokhala ndi fungo la hydrogen sulfide ndi hygroscopicity.Imasanduka yachikasu kupita ku bulauni-yakuda ikayatsidwa ndi kuwala komanso mumlengalenga, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imatulutsa hydrogen sulfide, yomwe imatha kuwola ikakumana ndi asidi kapena carbonic acid.Amasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, amasungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol, komanso osasungunuka mu ether.Njira yamadzimadzi ndi yamchere, ndipo njirayo pang'onopang'ono imakhala sodium thiosulfate ndi sodium hydroxide ikayikidwa mumlengalenga.

Kukula kwa sodium sulfide m'dziko langa kuli ndi mbiri yakale komanso zokumana nazo zambiri.Kupanga kwa sodium sulfide kunayamba m'ma 1830, ndipo kupanga pang'ono kunayambika koyamba ndi fakitale yamankhwala ku Dalian, Liaoning.Kuyambira m'ma 1980 mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi, makampani apanyumba a sodium sulfide asintha kwambiri.Chiwerengero cha opanga ndi masikelo chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo chitukukocho chikufulumira.Malo opangira sodium sulfide omwe ali ku Yuncheng, Shanxi adakula mwachangu kumadera ndi zigawo zopitilira 10 kuphatikiza Yunnan, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, ndi Shaanxi.Kuchuluka kwapachaka kwapadziko lonse kunakwera kuchokera ku matani 420,000 kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 kufika matani 640,000 pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990.Kutulutsa kwake kukukula mwachangu ku Inner Mongolia, Gansu, ndi Xinjiang kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China.Mphamvu yopanga ya Inner Mongolia yafika matani 200,000, ndipo yakhala malo opangira zinthu zambiri za sodium sulfide ku China.

Popeza kampani yathu idayamba kulumikizana ndi zinthu za sodium sulfide, tafikira mgwirizano ndi makampani ambiri ndipo talandila kuwunika kwakukulu.Titha kutsimikizira khalidwe la mankhwala ndi kayendedwe ndi zina, "utumiki wabwino", "chinthu choyamba" ndi "makasitomala poyamba" Ndi mfundo yomwe takhala tikuyitsatira nthawi zonse!

l Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium sulfide:

1. Makampani opanga utoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wa sulfure, ndipo ndi zinthu zopangira buluu wa sulfure ndi buluu wa sulfure.

2. M'makampani osindikizira ndi opaka utoto, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pakusungunula utoto wa sulfure.

3. M'makampani opanga mapepala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophikira papepala.

4. M'makampani opanga nsalu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu komanso kuchepetsa nitrates, komanso ngati mordant wa utoto wa thonje.

5. M'makampani ofufuta, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hydrolysis kuti awononge zikopa zaiwisi, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzekera sodium polysulfide kuti ifulumizitse kuvina kwa zikopa zouma ndikuzifewetsa.

6. makampani electroplating ntchito zochizira wosanjikiza conductive mu electroplating mwachindunji, mwa zimene sodium sulfide ndi palladium kupanga colloidal palladium sulfide kukwaniritsa cholinga kupanga wabwino conductive wosanjikiza pa sanali zitsulo pamwamba.

7. Makampani opanga mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga antipyretics monga phenacetin.

8. Palinso ntchito zina m'makampani ankhondo.

9. Mu mineral flotation, sodium sulfide ndiyo inhibitor ya ores ambiri a sulfide, sulfide agent ya non-ferrous metal oxide ores, ndi deagent of mix concentrates of sulfide ores.

10. Pochiza madzi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza electroplating kapena madzi ena oipa omwe ali ndi zitsulo zazitsulo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ayoni a sulfure kuti asungunuke zitsulo zachitsulo kuchotsa ayoni zitsulo, monga germanium, tini, lead, siliva, cadmium, mkuwa, mercury, nthaka. , manganese dikirani.Njira ya sodium sulfide precipitation imatha kubweza zitsulo zamtengo wapatali m'madzi otayira azitsulo zolemera.

11. Kuonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa sodium sulfide ku njira ya alkaline etching ya aluminiyamu ndi aloyi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri mawonekedwe okhazikika, komanso kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa zachitsulo zosungunuka zamchere monga nthaka mu njira ya alkaline etching. .

12. Ndizitsulo za sodium thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, utoto wa sulfure, ndi zina zotero.

13. Unikani kuuma kwa madzi pakupanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni.

Tsatanetsatane:

Makampani a Metalurgical:

1) Kuchotsa zonyansa m'malo osowa nthaka leachate Polimbana ndi nyengo yamvula yamtundu wa alution-mtundu wa ores osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi, pambuyo pa leaching ndi leaching ndi yankho lamphamvu la electrolyte, leachate yosowa yapadziko lapansi yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ayoni ambiri odetsedwa, monga Al3+, Fe3+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, etc. Pamene oxalic acid precipitation ndondomeko ntchito, zonyansa zimenezi mosalephera kupanga oxalate mpweya ndi kusamutsira ku zinthu osowa nthaka, kukhudza chiyero cha mankhwala.Komanso, pofuna kupewa emulsification mu wotsatira m'zigawo ndondomeko, zonyansa ayoni mu chakudya madzi ayenera kuchotsedwa choyamba.The solubility mankhwala osasinthasintha angapo zitsulo sulfide precipitates akuwonetsedwa mu tebulo Ufumuyo.Pamene Na2S anawonjezera kwa osowa lapansi eluate, heavy metal ayoni Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, etc. mu njira akhoza bwino kuchotsedwa.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kulamulira pH pafupifupi 5 ndi kuwonjezera Na2S kwa osowa lapansi eluate kuchotsa zonyansa osati ndi zotsatira zabwino kuchotsa zonyansa, komanso sikutaya dziko osowa.

2) Gwiritsani ntchito Na2S kuchotsa arsenic.Arsenic nthawi zambiri imakhala mu mchere mu mawonekedwe a sulfide.Pa pyrometallurgy ndondomeko, ambiri arsenic volatilizes mu chitoliro mpweya ndi fumbi, makamaka umuna mwachindunji otsika-ndende SO2 adzaipitsa chilengedwe.Choncho, arsenic kuchotsa ayenera kuchitidwa pamaso chitoliro mpweya wotsatira mankhwala kapena kuchotsa.Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Na2S kuti mutenge mpweya wa SO2 flue, kuti As3+ ndi S2- fomu As2S3 precipitate (Ksp=2.1×10-22), pa pH yapamwamba (pH>8), As2S3 ikhoza kusungunuka kupanga As3S3-6 kapena AsS2- 3, poyerekeza ndi pH yotsika, yankho limatulutsa mpweya wa H2S.Kafukufuku wa Yin Aijun et al.[4] imasonyeza kuti pamene pH ya yankho imayendetsedwa mumtundu wa 2.0 mpaka 5.5, nthawi yochitapo ndi mphindi 50, kutentha kwa 30 mpaka 50 ° C, ndipo flocculant ikuwonjezeredwa, mlingo wa kuchotsa arsenic ukhoza kufika. 90%.% pamwamba.Pakupanga mankhwala woyera mpweya wakuda, pofuna kuchepetsa zili zonyansa arsenic mu anaikira sulfuric asidi kupanga zopangira, sodium sulfide anawonjezera anaikira sulfuric asidi kupanga As3 + mawonekedwe As2S3 ndi precipitate ndi kuchotsa izo.Kupanga mchitidwe kumasonyeza kuti sodium sulfide amachotsa arsenic osati mofulumira anachita liwiro, komanso ndi kuchotsa kwathunthu arsenic.Zomwe zili mu arsenic mu sulfuric acid pambuyo pochotsa arsenic ndi zosakwana 0.5 × 10-6, ndipo arsenic yoyera yakuda yakuda yopangidwa ndi izi ndi ≤0.0003%, yomwe imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi malamulo a United States Pharmacopoeia.

Kuchiza madzi:

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthana ndi madzi onyansa okhala ndi mercury omwe amawononga kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.M'makampani opanga soda, mercury yomwe ili m'madzi otayira otayidwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yochulukirapo, kupitilira muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi (0.05mg/L).Mu njira yochepetsera (pH 8-11), ma mercury ions amatha kupanga ma insoluble precipitates ndi sodium sulfide.Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa tebulo lophatikizidwa kuti mankhwala osungunuka a HgS ndi ochepa kwambiri (Ksp=1.6×10-52).Kupyolera mu kafukufukuyu, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamene kuchuluka kwa Na2S kumakhala kosalekeza ndipo pH mtengo umayendetsedwa pa 9-10, ndipo Hg2 + m'madzi owonongeka akhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala pansi pa dziko lonse (0.05mg / L).Kuphatikiza apo, powonjezera FeSO4 kuti apange ma colloids a Fe(OH)2 ndi Fe(OH)3 m'madzi, ma colloidswa sangangowonjezera ayoni a mercury, komanso amatchera ndi kuvala tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta HgS, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yabwino pakuphatikizana ndi mpweya. .Chidacho sichapafupi kuipitsidwa kawiri ndipo ndichosavuta kutaya.

Makampani a Electroplating:

1) Na2S imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowunikira mu electroplating:

Sodium sulfide imasungunuka m'madzi ndikuyika mu ayoni okhala ndi sodium (Na+) ndi ma ion sulfide (S2-).Panthawi ya electroplating, kupezeka kwa S2- mu electrolyte kungalimbikitse polarization ya cathode.Pakali pano Pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi, cathode reaction speed is imathandizira.Liwiro loyikapo limachulukitsidwanso, kuthekera kwakuya kwakuya kumachulukira, zokutira zimayengedwa, ndipo pamwamba pa gawo lopukutidwa limakhala lowala mofananira.

2) Sodium sulfide imachotsa zonyansa mu electrolyte:

Panthawi yopanga electroplating, zonyansa zochulukirapo kapena zochepa muzopangira zidzabweretsedwa mu njira yopangira.Zonyansazi zimachita mosiyana pansi pa machitidwe a ma electrode, ndipo zonyansa zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zochepa zidzayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo lophwanyidwa pamodzi ndi Zn2 +, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa nsalu yotchinga.Pambuyo powonjezera sodium sulfide, S2- mu sodium sulfide ikhoza kupanga ma precipitates ndi ayoni osayera achitsulo, kuteteza zonyansa kuti zisamalowe nawo muzochita za electrochemical ndikupanga zokutira zowala.

3) Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya Na2S pochotsa mpweya wa flue desulfurization

Pakali pano, kuchira njira SO2 mu mpweya chitoliro makamaka kutembenuza SO2 mu H2SO4, madzi SO2 ndi woyambira sulfure.Elemental sulfure ndi chinthu choyenera kubwezerezedwanso chifukwa chosavuta kuchigwira komanso kuyenda.Njira yatsopano yopangira ma elemental sulfure pogwiritsa ntchito H2S yopangidwa kuchokera ku Na2S yankho ngati chochepetsera kuchepetsa SO2.Izi ndi zophweka ndipo sizifunika kugwiritsa ntchito zochepetsera zotsika mtengo monga gasi wachilengedwe ndi malasha a sulfure ochepa monga matekinoloje opangira zinthu.Pamene pH ya yankho imatsikira ku 8.5-7.5, kuyamwa SO2 ndi Na2S kudzatulutsa H2S, ndi H2S ndi SO2 kudzakhala konyowa Claus anachita mu madzi gawo.

Mineral processing industry:

1) Sodium sulfide ngati choletsa:

Kulepheretsa kwa sodium sulfide pa miyala ya sulfide kumakhulupirira kuti kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mbali ziwiri.Chimodzi ndi chakuti Na2S hydrolyzes kupanga HS-, HS- sichiphatikizapo xanthate adsorbed pamwamba pa mchere wa sulfide, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, imayikidwa pamtunda kuti iwonjezere hydrophilicity ya mchere;ina ndi Pa mbali imodzi, amaonedwa kuti choletsa zotsatira za Na2S osati chifukwa adsorption wa HS- pa mchere pamwamba, komanso zokhudzana ndi S2- opangidwa ndi ionization wa Na2S mu njira amadzimadzi.

Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa PbS ndi mankhwala ang'onoang'ono osungunuka a PbX2, pamene Na2S ikuwonjezeredwa, kuchuluka kwa S2- kumawonjezeka, ndipo kusuntha kumasunthira kumanzere, zomwe zimapangitsa xanthate kumangirizidwa ku mineral surface desorb, kotero kuti Na2S imatha kulepheretsa mineral surface effect.Pogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa za Na2S, kuyandama kwa Ni2S3 kungalephereke powonjezera Na2S, kotero kuti kulekanitsa kogwira mtima kwa Cu2S ndi Ni2S3 mu matte apamwamba a nickel kutha kuzindikirika.M'mafakitale ena a lead-zinc beneficiation, chifukwa cha zovuta za zida ndi njira zopangira zinthu zopanda nzeru, slag pambuyo poyandama imakhalabe ndi lead ndi zinc.Komabe, chifukwa cha kutengeka kwa zinthu zina zoyandama pamwamba pake, kusanjika kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa matope akuluakulu, zomwe zingayambitse vuto lalikulu pakulekanitsanso miyala yapakatikati ya lead-zinc.Pogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa za Na2S, Na2S ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati reagent kuti iwononge xanthate yomwe yakhala ikugulitsidwa pamtunda wa mchere, kotero kuti ntchito yoyandama yotsatila ndiyosavuta kuchita.The lead-zinki sing'anga ore ali mu Shaanxi Xinhe Concentrator anali pretreated ndi sodium sulfide kuchotsa mankhwala, ndiyeno flotation inachitika kuti apeze kutsogolera maganizo ndi lead zili 63.23% ndi nthaka kuganizira ndi nthaka zili 55.89% (kutsogolera ndi Kuchuluka kwa zinki kumatha kufika 60.56% ndi 85.55% motsatana), zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mchere wachiwiri.Posankhira miyala yamkuwa-zinc sulfide, chifukwa cha symbiosis ya mchere wambiri, sulfure ndi mkuwa wapamwamba wachiwiri, zimakhala zovuta kusankha.Ore yamtunduwu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Cu2 + panthawi yopera, ndipo kuyandama kwake Kuli pafupi ndi chalcopyrite, kotero kuti mchere wamkuwa ndi zinki sizovuta kupatukana.Pokonza mtundu uwu wa ore, powonjezera Na2S pa ore akupera, ndi S2- opangidwa ndi hydrolysis wa Na2S ndi ena heavy metal ayoni ndi kutsegula mphamvu, monga Cu2+, kupanga insoluble sulfide precipitates kuchotsa kutsegula kwa ayoni zitsulo zolemera.Kenako, powonjezera nthaka ndi sulfure zoletsa, ntchito butyl ammonium wakuda mankhwala kuti amakonda kusankha mkuwa-mkuwa michira kwa nthaka kusankha nthaka michira kwa sulfure kulekana kupeza mkuwa kwambiri ndi 25.10% mkuwa ndi nthaka kuganizira ndi 41.20% nthaka ore ndi sulfure maganizo ndi sulfure. sulfure wa 38.96%.

2) Sodium sulfide monga activator:

Maphunziro oyandama a smithsonite-limonite adawonetsa kuti mu kuyandama kwa limonite amine, kokha pa pH yotsika, amine amatha kudsorbed pamtunda wa mchere ndi mphamvu ya electrostatic.Komabe, mutatha kuwonjezera Na2S, filimu ya FeS imapangidwa pamwamba pa limonite.Popeza filimu ya FeS ikhoza kuonjezera kutengeka kwa ma amines a maselo pa pH yapamwamba, FeS reagent particles ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyandama, ndipo limonite ikhoza kutha pa pH yapamwamba.Amine flotation anachitidwa.Kuphatikiza apo, Na2S itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira choyandama cha mchere wamkuwa wa oxide.Pamene kuchuluka koyenera kwa Na2S kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho la flotation, dissociated S2- imakhala ndi ma anions a lattice pamwamba pa mchere wotsekemera kuti apange filimu ya sulfide pamwamba pa mchere wamkuwa wa oxide, womwe umapindulitsa kutsatsa kwa osonkhanitsa xanthate.Komabe, filimu ya copper sulfide yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pa copper oxide ore siimalimba kwambiri, ndipo imakhala yosavuta kugwa pamene kugwedeza kuli kolimba.Pochita ndi mgodi wa mkuwa wa Totozui ku Daye, Hubei (mchere wokhala ndi mkuwa wopangidwa makamaka ndi malachite), njira yoyandama yowonjezera Na2S m'magawo angapo ndikutulutsa kukhazikika pamagawo angapo kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa ore wapakati, komanso kuyika kwa mkuwa. Chiŵerengero cha kalasi Njira yopangira yapangidwa bwino ndi 2.1%, ndipo mitengo yobwezeretsa mkuwa ndi golide yawonjezeka ndi 25.98% ndi 10.81% motsatira.Na2S itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati cholumikizira choyandama cha pyrite choponderezedwa ndi laimu wa peralkali mu dongosolo la perkalime.Mu dongosolo la alkali yapamwamba, pamwamba pa pyrite amaphimbidwa ndi filimu ya hydrophilic calcium (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), yomwe imalepheretsa kuyandama kwake.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pambuyo powonjezera Na2S, hydrolyzed HS-ion akhoza kufinya Ca(OH)2, CaSO4 ndi Fe(OH)3 kuphimba pamwamba pa pyrite mbali imodzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, akhoza adsorbed pa. pamwamba pa pyrite..Chifukwa pyrite imatha kusamutsa ma electron, pamene mphamvu ya mawonekedwe a pyrite ndi yaikulu kuposa EHS / S0, HS- imataya ma electron pamwamba pa xanthate kuti apange hydrophobic elemental sulfure.Zotsatira zake za sulfure zimakwirira pamwamba pa mcherewo, potero amawuyambitsa kuti aziyandama mosavuta.

3) Sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kuyandama kwa golide ndi siliva:

Popeza kuyandama kopanda golide kwa ore kumagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mfundo ya electrochemical ndi kusiyana kwa ma elekitironi pamtunda wa sulfide ndi mchere wa golide-siliva, kuyandama kopanda golide kumakhala ndi kusankha kwapamwamba komanso njira yosavuta ya reagent.Kuphatikiza apo, imachotsa kutsatsa kopanda kusankha komwe kumakhala kovuta kuwongolera pakuyandama kwa otolera a xanthate, ndikuthetsa vuto la kuchotsa mankhwala pamaso pa cyanide leaching golide ndi vuto la otolera filimu chotchinga golide leaching.Choncho, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pali maphunziro ambiri pa kuyandama kwa golide ndi siliva mchere popanda wothandizila kuchira.Golide ndi sulfide mchere mu golide ndi siliva ores nthawi zambiri amakhala pamodzi, makamaka golidi ndi pyrite zimadalira kwambiri.Chifukwa pamwamba pa pyrite ali katundu semiconductor ndi ena elekitironi zoyendera mphamvu, ndipo, mwa kuyerekezera pamwamba electrostatic kuthekera pyrite ndi HS-/S0 kuti EHS-/S0, pamene pH wa ore slurry ndi mu osiyanasiyana 8. -13, pyrite Mphamvu ya electrostatic ya pamwamba pa mgodi imakhala yoposa EHS-/S0.Chifukwa chake, HS- ndi S2- ionized ndi Na2S mu zamkati imatuluka pamwamba pa pyrite kuti ipange elemental sulfure.

Chikopantchitory:

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira imvi-alkali:

(1) Koyera laimu njira ya alkali: kuphatikiza sodium sulfide ndi laimu;

(2) Njira ya alkali-alkali: kuphatikiza kwa sodium sulfide, caustic soda, ndi laimu wa slaked (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka liming a chikopa cha njati ndi chikopa cha nkhumba).Chifukwa champhamvu yamchere ya caustic soda, kupanga pofufuta komweko sikungopanga zikopa za nkhumba zokha, komanso kuyika laimu.Gwiritsani ntchito soda yochepa;

(3) Lime-alkali-mchere njira: pamaziko a koyera phulusa alkali njira, kuwonjezera mchere ndale, monga calcium kolorayidi, sodium kolorayidi, sodium sulfate, etc.;

(4) Kuyika kwa enzyme.

Kwa:

1. Chotsani interdermal fibrous matrix, kufooketsa kugwirizana pakati pa tsitsi, epidermis ndi dermis, kusintha ulusi wotanuka, kuwononga minofu ya minofu, ndi kupindula ndi zotsatira za zinthu zina pakhungu mu ndondomeko yotsatira;

2. Saponify mafuta pakhungu lopanda kanthu, chotsani gawo la mafuta pakhungu, ndikuchitapo kanthu pochotsa mafuta;

3. Tsegulani zomangira zachiwiri za gawo la collagen, kuti ma collagen fibers amasulidwe bwino ndipo magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito a collagen amamasulidwa;

4. Chotsani malaya ndi cuticle (tsitsi lovunda la alkali).

Makampani opanga utoto:

Utoto wa sulufule uli ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa 100 kuchokera pamene anabadwa.Utoto woyamba wa sulfure unapangidwa ndi Croissant ndi Bretonniere mu 1873. Anaphatikiza zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ulusi wa organic, monga nkhuni zamatabwa, humus, bran, thonje lotayirira ndi zinyalala Mapepala, ndi zina zomwe zimapezeka potentha ndi alkali sulfide ndi polysulfide.Utoto wakuda ndi wonunkha uwu wa hygroscopic uli ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika ndipo umasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi.Mukadaya thonje ndi bafa la alkaline ndi kusamba kwa alkali sulfide, utoto wobiriwira umapezeka.Thonje imatha kusanduka bulauni ikayatsidwa ndi mpweya kapena wothiridwa ndi mankhwala a dichromate kuti akonze mtunduwo.Chifukwa utotowu uli ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopaka utoto komanso yotsika mtengo, utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wa thonje.

Mu 1893, R.Vikal anasungunuka p-aminophenol ndi sodium sulfide ndi sulfure kupanga utoto wakuda wa sulfure.Anapezanso kuti zinthu zina za benzene ndi naphthalene zimatha kusungunuka ndi sulfure ndi sodium sulfide kuti apange utoto wakuda wa sulfure wamitundumitundu.dye.Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu apanga utoto wa buluu, wofiira ndi wobiriwira wa sulfure pamaziko amenewa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira yokonzekera ndi njira yopaka utoto yakhalanso bwino kwambiri.Utoto wa sulfure wosasungunuka m'madzi, utoto wa sulfure wamadzimadzi ndi utoto wa sulfure wokometsera chilengedwe wawoneka motsatizanatsatizana, kupangitsa utoto wa sulfure kuti ukule bwino.

Utoto wa sulfure panopa ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Malinga ndi malipoti, kutulutsa utoto wa sulfure padziko lapansi kumafika matani oposa 100,000, ndipo mitundu yofunika kwambiri ndi utoto wakuda wa sulfure.Pakalipano, kutulutsa kwakuda kwa sulfure kumapanga 75% ~ 85% ya chiwerengero chonse cha utoto wa sulfure.Chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe kake kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, kufulumira kwabwino komanso wopanda carcinogenicity, imayamikiridwa ndi opanga makina osindikizira ndi utoto.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka utoto wa thonje ndi ulusi wina wa cellulose, ndipo mndandanda wakuda ndi wabuluu ndiwo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Pali njira ziwiri zopangira utoto wa sulfure m'mafakitale:

1) Njira yophika, kuphika ma amines, phenols kapena nayitrogeni yamafuta onunkhira onunkhira okhala ndi sulfure kapena sodium polysulfide pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti akonze utoto wachikasu, lalanje ndi bulauni wa sulfure.

2) Njira yowiritsa, kutentha ndi kuwiritsa ma amine, phenols kapena mankhwala a nitro onunkhira a ma hydrocarboni onunkhira ndi sodium polysulfide m'madzi kapena zosungunulira za organic kuti apange utoto wakuda, wabuluu ndi wobiriwira wa sulfure.

Gulu

1) Ufa vulcanization

Mitundu yambiri ya utoto ndi DSSD, ndipo nthawi zambiri imayenera kuwiritsidwa ndi sodium sulfide ndikuyika pambuyo pakusungunuka.Utoto wamtunduwu susungunuka m'madzi, utotowo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala leuco wokhala ndi zochepetsera zamchere, ndipo umasungunuka m'madzi, mchere wa sodium wa leuco utha kuyamwa ndi fiber.

2) Vulcanization yosungunuka ndi madzi

Njira yayikulu yopangira utoto ndi D-SSO3Na.Makhalidwe a mtundu uwu wa utoto ndikuti pali magulu osungunuka m'madzi mumtundu wa mamolekyulu a utoto, womwe umakhala ndi kusungunuka kwabwino komanso katundu wabwino wodaya.Tengani utoto wamba wa sulfure ndi sodium sulfite kapena sodium bisulfite kuti mupange utoto wa thiosulfate, womwe umakhala ndi kusungunuka kwa 150g/L pa 20°C ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito podaya mosalekeza.Utoto wa sulfure wosungunuka m'madzi umasungunuka mwachangu kutentha kwachipinda, palibe chinthu chosasungunuka, ndipo kusungunuka kwamadzi kumakhala kokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za mulingo wa utoto.Utoto wa sulfure wosasungunuka m'madzi uli ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri.Komabe, utoto ulibe chochepetsera ndipo ulibe mgwirizano wa ulusi.M`pofunika kuwonjezera alkali sulfide pa utoto, ndi kusintha mu dziko kuti ali ndi kuyanjana kwa mapadi ulusi kudzera nucleophilic ndi kuchepetsa zimachitikira.Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nsalu pogwiritsa ntchito utoto woyimitsidwa.

3) Vulcanization yamadzimadzi

Kapangidwe kake ka utoto ndi D-SNa, yomwe imakhala ndi sodium sulfide kuchepetsa wothandizila kuti achepetse utotowo kukhala leuco yosungunuka m'madzi.Kuchepetsa utoto wa sulfure wamba kukhala leuco wosungunuka m'madzi ndi chochepetsera, kuwonjezera chochepetsera mochulukira monga antioxidant, kuwonjezera cholowera, mchere wa inorganic ndi chofewa chamadzi kuti apange utoto wamadzimadzi, womwe umadziwikanso kuti utoto wochepetsedwa.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi diluting ndi madzi.Utoto woterewu umaphatikizapo utoto wokhala ndi sulfure, monga utoto wa Casulfon wokhala ndi sodium sulfide, komanso umakhala wopanda kapena wochepa kwambiri wa sulfure, monga utoto wa Immedial, ndipo palibe madzi otayira okhala ndi sulfure panthawi yopaka utoto.

4) Kuwononga zachilengedwe

Popanga, amayengedwa kukhala leucochrome, koma zomwe zili ndi sulfure ndi polysulfide ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa utoto wamba wa sulfure.Utoto uli ndi kuyera kwambiri, kuchepetsedwa kokhazikika, komanso kupenya bwino.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, shuga ndi sodium hydrosulfite zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zochepetsera zowonongeka mumadzi osambira, zomwe sizingachepetse utoto wa sulfure, komanso zimagwira ntchito zachilengedwe.

5) Kuchepetsa sulfure

Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kukhala ufa, wabwino, ultrafine ufa kapena utoto wamadzimadzi, oyenera nsalu za polyester-thonje wosakanikirana ndi kumwaza utoto mu utoto womwewo, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa koloko, sodium hydrosulfite (kapena thiourea dioxide), m'malo mwa sodium sulfide. kuchepetsa ndi kusungunuka, monga Hydron Indocarbon dye.

6) Kubalalitsidwa vulcanization

Utoto wa sulfure womwaza umachokera ku utoto wa sulfure ndi utoto wa sulfur vat, ndipo amapangidwa motsatira njira yamalonda yopangira utoto wobalalitsa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka utoto wa polyester-viscose kapena nsalu zophatikizika za thonje zokhala ndi utoto wobalalitsa mubafa lomwelo.Pali mitundu 16 ya Kayaku Homodye yopangidwa ndi Nippon Kayaku.

Structural Dyeing Mechanism

Utoto wa sulfure ndi mtundu wa utoto wokhala ndi sulfure.Molekyu ili ndi zomangira za sulfure zopangidwa ndi maatomu awiri kapena kupitilira apo.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amachepetsedwa kukhala thupi la leuco, kuti asungunuke m'madzi ndikujambula ulusi.Makhalidwe a utoto wa sulfure amasiyana ndi mtundu wa utoto.Utoto wa sulfure umakhala wothamanga kwambiri komanso umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu.Ngakhale kuti utoto wopakapaka ndi wowoneka bwino kwambiri siwofanana ndi utoto wonyezimira, kufulumira kwake kwa madontho ndi kupepuka kwawo kuli bwino kuposa utoto wonyezimira, ndipo utoto wa sulfure umagwiritsa ntchito mchere wocheperako ndipo umadya madzi ochepa popaka utoto.ochepa.Utoto wa sulfure ndi mankhwala okhala ndi nitro ndi magulu amino, omwe ambiri amapangidwa pochita ndi sulfure ndi sodium sulfide pa kutentha kwakukulu.Mitundu yambiri ya sulfure ilibe mankhwala enieni.Mfundo yopaka utoto wa sulfure ndi yofanana ndi ya utoto wa vat.Amapanga ma leucosomes osungunuka m'madzi omwe amalumikizana ndi ulusi kuti azidaya ulusi kudzera muzochita zochepetsera mankhwala, kenako amangirira mwamphamvu ku ulusi kudzera mu okosijeni.

Utoto wa sulfure susungunuka m'madzi, ndipo sodium sulfide kapena zinthu zina zochepetsera zimafunika kuchepetsa utotowo kuti ukhale ma leucosomes osungunuka pakupaka utoto.Imalumikizana ndi ulusi ndikuyika utoto ulusi, kenako imabwezeretsanso kusasungunuka kwake pambuyo pa okosijeni ndi kukula kwa mtundu ndikukonza ulusi.Choncho utoto wa sulfure ulinso mtundu wa utoto wa vat.Utoto wa sulfure ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka thonje, nsalu, viscose ndi ulusi wina.Njira yopanga ndi yosavuta, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo imatha kuyika mtundu umodzi kapena mitundu yosakanikirana.Imakhala ndi kufulumira kwa kuwala komanso kusavala bwino.Pali kusowa kofiira ndi kofiirira mumtundu wamtundu, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wakuda, woyenera kuyika mitundu yokhuthala.

Makina opaka utoto

Utoto wa sulfure umachepetsedwa ndikusungunuka kuti upangitse njira ya utoto, ndipo ma leucosomes opangidwa amatengedwa ndi ulusi wa cellulose, ndipo pambuyo pa chithandizo cha okosijeni wa mpweya, ulusi wa cellulose umasonyeza mtundu womwe ukufunidwa.

Matrix a utoto wa sulfure alibe kuyanjana kwa ulusi, ndipo kapangidwe kake kali ndi zomangira za sulfure, zomangira za disulfide kapena zomangira za polysulfide, zomwe zimatsitsidwa kukhala magulu a sulfhydryl pansi pa zochita za sodium sulfide kuchepetsa wothandizila ndikukhala mchere wosungunuka wa leucosome wa sodium.Chifukwa chomwe ma leucosomes amalumikizana bwino ndi ulusi wa cellulose ndikuti mamolekyu a utotowo ndi akulu kwambiri, omwenso amapanga mphamvu yayikulu ya Van der Waals ndi mphamvu yolumikizana ndi haidrojeni ndi ulusiwo.

Njira:

Njira yopaka utoto ingagawidwe m'njira zinayi izi:

1) Kuchepetsa utoto Ndikosavuta kusungunula utoto wa sulfure.Sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochepetsera, komanso imagwiranso ntchito ngati alkali.Pofuna kupewa kuti thupi la leuco likhale la hydrolyzed, phulusa la soda ndi zinthu zina zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa moyenera, koma alkalinity ya kusamba kwapang'onopang'ono sikuyenera kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri, mwinamwake kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa utoto kumachepa.

2) Utoto wa leuco mu njira yopaka utoto umatengedwa ndi ulusi.Leuco wa utoto wa sulfure umapezeka mu anion state mu njira yodaya.Imakhala yolunjika ku ulusi wa cellulose ndipo imatha kujambulidwa pamwamba pa ulusi ndikufalikira mkati mwa ulusi.Sulfur utoto wa leuco umakhala wolunjika pang'ono ku ulusi wa cellulose, nthawi zambiri umatenga chiŵerengero chaching'ono chosambira, ndipo umawonjezera electrolyte yoyenera nthawi yomweyo, ukhoza kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa utoto pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndikuwongolera utoto ndi kulowa mkati.

3) Chithandizo cha okosijeni Pambuyo popaka utoto wa sulfure leuco pa ulusi, uyenera kukhala ndi okosijeni kuti uwonetse mtundu womwe ukufunidwa.Kupaka makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi gawo lofunikira mukadaya ndi utoto wa sulfure.Pambuyo popaka utoto, utoto wa sulfure wokhala ndi okosijeni wosavuta ukhoza kupangidwa ndi mpweya mutatha kutsuka ndi mpweya wabwino, ndiko kuti, njira ya okosijeni ya mpweya imagwiritsidwa ntchito;kwa mitundu ina ya sulfure yomwe simakokedwa mosavuta, ma oxidizing agents amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa okosijeni.

4) Pambuyo pokonza Pambuyo pokonza kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kupaka mafuta, anti-brittleness ndi kukonza mtundu, etc. Mitundu ya sulfure iyenera kutsukidwa bwino mutatha utoto kuti muchepetse sulfure yotsalira pa nsalu ndi kuteteza nsalu kuti zisawonongeke, chifukwa sulfure mu utoto ndi sulufule mu vulcanized alkali mosavuta oxidized mu mpweya kupanga sulfuric acid, amene adzachititsa asidi hydrolysis kwa mapadi CHIKWANGWANI ndi kuwononga.Chepetsani mphamvu ndikupangitsa CHIKWANGWANI kuti chiwonongeke.Choncho, akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi anti-brittle agents, monga: urea, trisodium phosphate, fupa guluu, sodium acetate, etc. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutsekemera kwa sopo wa utoto wa sulfure, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo popaka utoto.Pali njira ziwiri zochizira mtundu kukonza: zitsulo mchere mankhwala (monga potaziyamu dichromate, mkuwa sulphate, mkuwa acetate ndi zosakaniza za mchere izi) ndi cationic mtundu kukonza wothandizira mankhwala (monga mtundu kukonza wothandizila Y).Popanga, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa mtundu M, womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi cationic color-fixing agent ndi mchere wamkuwa, womwe ungachepetse kuipitsidwa kwa chromium.

Mavuto:

Njira yopangira utoto wa sulfure ndi yaifupi, mtengo wake ndi wochepa, ndipo kufulumira kwake ndi kwabwino, koma chifukwa akadali ndi zofooka zambiri ndi mavuto pakupanga kwenikweni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, komabe sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nsalu zosiyanasiyana.

Sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wa sulfure, ndipo imakhala yochulukirapo.Mbali ya sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa utoto, koma gawo lowonjezera limatulutsa madzi otayidwa okhala ndi sulfure.Madzi otayira utoto amakhala ndi sulfure wambiri.Madzi owonongeka sangathe kuchiritsidwa mokwanira, ndipo khalidwe lamadzi lotayirira ndilovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira.Ngati itatulutsidwa mwachindunji, hydrogen sulfide idzatulutsidwa, yomwe idzawononge zamoyo, komanso idzawononga zimbudzi ndikutulutsa fungo, zomwe zingawononge thanzi la anthu (utotowo ndi wovulaza thupi la munthu. Palibe vuto. ku thanzi la wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo imatengedwa ngati utoto wopanda poizoni).

Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la madzi onyansa, fakitale imayenera kuyika ndalama zambiri, zomwe sizimangowonjezera mtengo wopangira, komanso zimatulutsa mpweya wa poizoni wa hydrogen sulfide panthawi yopaka utoto.Ikafika pamlingo wina mumlengalenga, imatha kuyambitsa chizungulire, kugunda kwamtima, nseru, etc. Zowopsa.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa utoto wa sulfure.Chifukwa chakuti utoto wa sulfure susungunuka m’madzi, nsalu zopakidwa utoto sizingagwirizane ndi kupaka ndipo sizigonjetsedwa ndi chlorine bleaching.Ndipo chifukwa kuchuluka kwa sulfide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto imakhalabe m'chinthu chodayidwa, chinthu chomalizidwacho chimakhala chosasunthika chifukwa cha okosijeni wa mpweya kutulutsa ma sulfate radicals panthawi yosungidwa.Utoto wopaka utoto wakuda wa sulfure womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri umakhala wosasunthika panthawi yosungidwa.Chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kusungunuka kwa utoto wa sulfure, zinthu zamadzimadzi zapangidwa zaka zaposachedwa, koma ndi utoto wa sulfure womwe udachepetsedwa kale womwe wasungunuka.Utoto wamba wa sulfure ndi zinthu zowopsa zomwe zimakhala ndi alkalinity yamphamvu ndi fungo, kusakhazikika kosungirako bwino, kosavuta kuipitsidwa komanso kovuta kutsuka chifukwa chogwirizana ndi zinthu.Utoto wa sulfure uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi kusungunuka usanadaye ulusi, ndipo njira zopangira mankhwala pambuyo pake ndizovuta, ndipo njira yonse yopaka utoto imakhala yovuta.Nsalu zodaya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ulusi wa cellulose monga thonje.Mthunzi wa utoto wa sulfure ndi wocheperako, wakuda ndi mtundu wake wofunikira kwambiri wamtundu, wotsatiridwa ndi buluu, azitona ndi bulauni, ndizovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu amasiku ano amitundu yolemera komanso yowoneka bwino.

Yankho:

Monga maiko ena amaletsa utoto wina wa carcinogenic azo.Kupanga utoto watsopano wa sulfure, makamaka utoto wa sulfure wosungunuka m'madzi, kudzakhalanso ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha ulusi wa mapuloteni.

Pakali pano, 90% ya utoto wa sulfure padziko lapansi ukugwiritsabe ntchito sodium sulfide, ndipo ndiyochulukira.Mbali ya sodium sulfide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa utoto, koma owonjezerawo amatulutsa madzi onyansa okhala ndi sulfure.Kuzitulutsa mwachindunji kungawononge chilengedwe.Kupititsa patsogolo utoto wa sulfure kudzalowa m'malo mwa sodium sulfide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.Pachifukwa ichi, kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi mtengo wamakono wotsuka madzi onyansa okhala ndi sulfure ndi chlorination.Pamene zofuna za anthu pa chilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira, chitetezo cha chilengedwe chikukhala chofunika kwambiri.M'pofunika kuchita chilengedwe kusankha kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi oxidizing wothandizila sulfure utoto.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa sulfure womwe ulibe sulfure kapena sulfure wochepa kwambiri kungapangitse kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa sulfure kukhala wogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa utoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wamitundu ya sulfure, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa utoto wotsalira m'madzi oipa.

Tanthauzo la kuchuluka kwa utoto kumaphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri:

1) Kuchuluka kwa utoto muzakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi pamwamba pa ulusi;

2) Kufalikira kwa utoto mu chakumwa cha utoto kuchokera pamwamba pa ulusi kupita mkati mwa ulusi.

Utoto wa sulfure susungunuka m'madzi ndipo uyenera kuchepetsedwa kwathunthu ndikusungunuka ndi chochepetsera musanadaye.Kwa utoto wochepa wa sulfure wokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono komanso osasungunuka bwino, uyenera kugwedezeka kapena kuwiritsidwa mutawonjezera sodium sulfide kuti utotowo usungunuke.Kumbali ina, ulusi wa cellulose umasinthidwa kuti uwonjezere kuchuluka kwa magulu ophatikizidwa ndi utoto, potero kumapangitsa kuti utoto ugwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.

l Kusamala kwa sodium sulfide

Zowopsa

a) Ngozi yaumoyo: Izi zimatha kuwola hydrogen sulfide m'mimba, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa poizoni wa hydrogen sulfide pambuyo popereka mkamwa.Zowononga khungu ndi maso.

b) Zowopsa zachilengedwe: Zowopsa kwa chilengedwe.

c) Chiwopsezo cha kuphulika: Izi zimatha kuyaka, zimawononga kwambiri komanso zimakwiyitsa, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kuyaka kwa thupi la munthu.

Chithandizo choyambira

a) Kukhudza khungu: Nthawi yomweyo, vula zovala zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka ndikutsuka ndi madzi ambiri oyenda kwa mphindi 15.Pitani kuchipatala.

b) Kuyang’ana m’maso: Tukulani zikope mwamsanga ndi kutsuka bwinobwino ndi madzi othamanga ambiri kapena saline wamba kwa mphindi 15.Pitani kuchipatala.

c) Kukoka mpweya: Choka pamalopo mwachangu kupita ku mpweya wabwino.Khalani otsegula polowera.Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, perekani mpweya.Ngati simukupuma, perekani mpweya wochita kupanga nthawi yomweyo.Pitani kuchipatala.

d) Kudya: Tsukani mkamwa ndi madzi, perekani mkaka kapena mazira azungu.Pitani kuchipatala.

Njira zozimitsa moto

a) Makhalidwe owopsa: chinthu cha anhydrous chikhoza kuyaka chokha, ndipo fumbi lake ndi losavuta kuyaka mumlengalenga.Amawola ngati ali ndi asidi ndipo amatulutsa mpweya wapoizoni kwambiri komanso woyaka moto.Ufa ndi mpweya zimatha kupanga zosakaniza zophulika.Njira yake yamadzimadzi imawononga komanso imakwiyitsa kwambiri.Zimayamba kusanduka nthunzi pa 100 ° C, ndipo nthunziyo imatha kuwononga galasi.

b) Zinthu zoyaka zowopsa: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides.

c) Njira yozimitsira moto: Gwiritsani ntchito madzi, kupopera madzi, mchenga kuzimitsa moto.

Kusamalira kutaya

a) Chithandizo chadzidzidzi: patulani malo omwe atayipitsidwa ndikuletsa kulowa.Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi azivala zophimba fumbi (zophimba nkhope zonse) ndi zovala zogwirira ntchito zotsutsana ndi asidi ndi zamchere.Lowetsani tsambalo kuchokera kumtunda.

b) Kuchucha pang'ono: pewani kukweza fumbi, sonkhanitsani ndi fosholo yoyera mu chidebe chouma, choyera chokhala ndi chophimba.Ikhozanso kutsukidwa ndi madzi ochuluka, ndipo madzi otsuka amachepetsedwa ndikuyikidwa m'madzi otayira.

c) Kutayikira kwakukulu: kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonzanso kapena kunyamula kupita kumalo otayirako zinyalala kuti zikatayidwe.

kusungirako kutaya

a) Kusamalira Kusamala: Ntchito yotsekedwa.Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera ndikutsata ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito.Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito azivala zodzikongoletsera za fumbi zodzitetezera, magalasi oteteza chitetezo cha mankhwala, mphira wa asidi ndi zovala zosagwirizana ndi alkali, ndi magolovesi osamva mphira wa asidi ndi alkali.Khalani kutali ndi magwero a moto ndi kutentha, ndipo kusuta ndikoletsedwa kuntchito.Gwiritsani ntchito makina opumira ndi mpweya wosaphulika.Pewani kupanga fumbi.Pewani kukhudzana ndi oxidizing agents ndi zidulo.Pogwira, tsitsani ndikutsitsa mopepuka kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zotengera ndi zotengera.Zokhala ndi mitundu yofananira ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto ndi zida zadzidzidzi zomwe zatuluka.Zotengera zopanda kanthu zitha kukhala zotsalira zowononga.

b) Kusamala posungirako: Sungani m’nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zozizirirapo komanso mpweya wabwino.Khalani kutali ndi gwero la moto ndi kutentha.Chinyezi mu laibulale ndi bwino kusapitirira 85%.Phukusili ndi losindikizidwa.Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi ma okosijeni ndi zidulo, ndipo sayenera kusungidwa pamodzi.Siziyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zisawonongeke.Okonzeka ndi mitundu yoyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto.Malo osungira ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zoyenera kuti pakhale zotayikira.

l Kusamala pakuyika ndi mayendedwe

1. Njira yolongedza: Ikani mu ng'oma zachitsulo zokhuthala 0.5 mm ndikusindikiza mwamphamvu, ndipo kulemera kwa ng'oma iliyonse kusapitirire 100 kg;mabotolo agalasi apamwamba, kapu yachitsulo mabotolo agalasi, mabotolo apulasitiki kapena mabokosi amatabwa wamba kunja kwa ng'oma zachitsulo (zitini);Botolo lagalasi, botolo la pulasitiki kapena ng'oma yopyapyala yachitsulo (chikhoza) yokutidwa ndi bokosi la kabati, bokosi la fiberboard kapena bokosi la plywood;ng'oma yopyapyala ya malata (chitini), ng'oma yachitsulo (chitini), botolo lapulasitiki kapena payipi yachitsulo Bokosi lamalata lakunja.

2. Njira zodzitetezera: Ponyamulidwa ndi njanji, ng'oma zachitsulo zimatha kunyamulidwa ndi galimoto yotseguka.Poyendetsa njanji, iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya msonkhano wa katundu woopsa mu "Malamulo Oyendetsa Katundu Woopsa" woperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Railways.Kuyikapo kuyenera kukhala kokwanira ndipo kutsitsa kuyenera kukhala kotetezeka panthawi yotumiza.Panthawi yoyendetsa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti chidebecho sichikutha, kugwa, kugwa kapena kuwonongeka.Ndizoletsedwa kusakaniza ndi kunyamula ndi okosijeni, zidulo, mankhwala a chakudya, ndi zina zotero. Ponyamula, galimoto yonyamula katundu iyenera kukhala ndi mitundu yofananira ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto ndi zida zowonongeka zowonongeka.

Pomaliza, Wit-Stone ikulonjeza kuti ikupatsirani zinthu zabwino kwambiri komanso ntchito zabwino kwambiri.Ogwira ntchito athu azikhala pa intaneti maola 24 patsiku kuti ayankhe mafunso anu.Ngati mukufuna kudziwa chilichonse, chonde titumizireni!