05. Carajás, Brazil
KARAGAS ndi dziko lomwe limapanga chitsulo chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo pafupifupi matani 7.2 biliyoni amasungidwa.Kampani yake ya Mine Operator, Vale, katswiri wa zitsulo ndi migodi ku Brazil, ndi amene amapanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi miyala yachitsulo ndi faifi tambala ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zisanu ndi zinayi zopangira magetsi amadzi.Mgodiwu umayendetsedwa ndi damu lapafupi la Tukurui hydroelectric dam, lomwe ndi limodzi mwazinthu zopanga kwambiri ku Brazil komanso projekiti yoyamba yopangira magetsi kuchokera kumadzi kumalizidwa kunkhalango ya Amazon.Tukuri, komabe, ali kunja kwa ulamuliro wa Vale.Karagas iron ore ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali mu korona wa Vale.Mwala wake uli ndi chitsulo 67 peresenti ndipo motero umapereka ore wapamwamba kwambiri.Malo angapo pamgodiwo amaphimba 3 peresenti ya nkhalango yonse ya dziko la Brazil, ndipo CVRD yadzipereka kuteteza 97 peresenti yotsalayo kudzera muubwenzi wabwino ndi ICMBIO ndi IBAMA.Mwa zina mwa ntchito zachitukuko chokhazikika, Vale yapanga njira yobwezeretsanso miyala yomwe imathandiza kampaniyo kukonzanso matani 5.2 miliyoni a miyala yamtengo wapatali kwambiri yomwe imayikidwa m'mayiwe a tailings.
Mawu ofotokozera:
Mchere waukulu: chitsulo
Wothandizira: Vale
Kuyambira: 1969
Kupanga kwapachaka: matani 104.88 miliyoni (2013)
04. Grasberg, Indonesia
Odziwika kwa zaka zambiri ngati gawo lalikulu kwambiri la golide padziko lonse lapansi, gawo la golide la Glasberg ku Indonesia ndi gawo la golide la porphyry, lomwe nkhokwe zake zidawonedwa ngati zosafunika m'ma 1980s, sizinali mpaka pakufufuza mu 1988 ku PT Freeport Indonesia komwe zidapezeka ali ndi nkhokwe zazikulu zomwe zikukumbidwabe.Malo ake osungirako akuti ndi ofunika pafupifupi $40 biliyoni ndipo ambiri ndi a Freeport-McMoRan mogwirizana ndi Rio Tinto, imodzi mwa zimphona zofunika kwambiri zamigodi padziko lapansi.Mgodiwu uli ndi masikelo apadera ndipo ndi mgodi wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (5030m).Ndi dzenje lotseguka pang'ono ndipo pang'ono ndi pansi.Pofika chaka cha 2016, pafupifupi 75% ya zotulutsa zake zimachokera ku migodi yotseguka.Freeport-McMoRan ikukonzekera kumaliza kukhazikitsa ng'anjo yatsopano pamalowo pofika 2022.
Mawu ofotokozera:
Mchere waukulu: Golide
Wothandizira: PT Freeport Indonesia
Kuyambira: 1972
Kupanga pachaka: matani 26.8 (2019)
03. Debmarine, Namibia
Debmarine Namibia ndi yapadera chifukwa si mgodi wamba, koma mndandanda wa migodi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja motsogoleredwa ndi Debmarine Namibia, mgwirizano wa 50-50 pakati pa De Beer Group ndi boma la Namibia.Ntchitoyi idachitika ku gombe lakumwera kwa Namibia ndipo kampaniyo idatumiza zombo zisanu kuti zitenge diamondi.M'mwezi wa Meyi 2019, mgwirizanowu udalengeza kuti ipanga ndikukhazikitsa chombo choyamba chobwezeretsa diamondi padziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chidzayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2022 pamtengo wa $ 468 miliyoni.Debmarine Namibia imati ndiye ndalama zamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'mbiri yamakampani a diamondi am'madzi.Ntchito zamigodi zimachitika kudzera m'makina awiri ofunika kwambiri: kubowola mumlengalenga ndiukadaulo wamtundu wa crawler.Sitima yapamadzi iliyonse m'zombozo imatha kufufuza, kupeza ndi kufufuza pansi pa nyanja, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono lobowola kuti likhale lopanga kwambiri.
Mawu ofotokozera:
Mchere waukulu: diamondi
Wothandizira: Debmarine Namibia
Kuyambira: 2002
Kupanga pachaka: 1.4 MILIYONI MAKARATI
02. Morenci, U.S
Moresi, Arizona, ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga kwambiri mkuwa padziko lonse lapansi, omwe akuti ali ndi matani 3.2 biliyoni komanso mkuwa wokwana 0.16%.Freeport-McMoRan ili ndi gawo lalikulu mu mgodi ndipo Sumitomo ili ndi 28 peresenti mu ntchito zake.Mugodiwu wakhala ukukumba dzenje lotseguka kuyambira 1939 ndipo umatulutsa pafupifupi matani 102,000 amkuwa pachaka.Poyamba ankakumbidwa mobisa, mgodiwo unayamba kusintha n’kuyamba migodi yotsegula m’maenje mu 1937. Mgodi wa MORESI, womwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zankhondo za ku United States pa nthawi ya nkhondo, unachulukitsa pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri zimene unatulutsa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.Awiri mwa mbiri yake yosungunula zosungunula adachotsedwa ntchito ndikubwezeretsanso, yachiwiri yomwe inasiya kugwira ntchito mu 1984. Mu 2015, ntchito yowonjezera zitsulo zazitsulo inamalizidwa, kuonjezera mphamvu ya zomera pafupifupi matani 115,000 patsiku.Mgodi ukuyembekezeka kufika 2044.
Mawu ofotokozera:
Mchere waukulu: Mkuwa
Wothandizira: Freeport-McMoRan
Kuyambira: 1939
Kupanga pachaka: matani 102,000
01. Mponeng, South Africa
Mgodi wa Golide wa MPONENG, womwe uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 65 kumadzulo kwa Johannesburg komanso pafupifupi makilomita 4 kumunsi kwa Gauteng, ndi amene ali ndi golide wozama kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Ndi kuya kwa mgodiwo, kutentha kwa Rock surface kunafika pafupifupi 66 °C, ndipo madzi oundana adaponyedwa pansi, kutsitsa kutentha kwa mpweya pansi pa 30 °C.Mgodiwu umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowunikira pakompyuta kuti uwonjezere chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi, ukadaulowu umathandizira kudziwitsa anthu ogwira ntchito mobisa zachitetezo chofunikira mwachangu komanso moyenera.Anglogold Ashanti ndi eni ake ndipo amayendetsa mgodiwo, koma adavomereza kugulitsa malowa ku Harmony Gold mu February 2020. Pofika June 2020, Harmony Gold inali itapeza ndalama zoposa $200m kuti apeze ndalama zogulira katundu wa MPONENG wa AngloGold.
Mawu ofotokozera:
Mchere waukulu: Golide
Wothandizira: Harmony Gold
Kuyambira: 1981
Kupanga pachaka: matani 9.9
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-22-2022