Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide, yomwe imadziwika kuti caustic sodandipo amadziwika kuti "Abale" ku Hong Kong chifukwa cha dzinali.Ndi gulu lopangidwa ndi zinthu zosawerengeka komanso kristalo yoyera pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, ndikuwononga kwambiri.Ndi alkali wamba, ndipo imakhalapo m'makampani opanga mankhwala, zitsulo, kupanga mapepala, mafuta, nsalu, chakudya, ngakhale zodzoladzola ndi zonona.
Sodium hydroxide imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo imatulutsa kutentha kwambiri pamaso pa madzi ndi nthunzi.Mukakumana ndi mlengalenga, sodium hydroxide imayamwa chinyezi mumlengalenga, ndikusungunuka pang'onopang'ono pamene pamwamba panyowa, izi ndizomwe timatcha "deliquescence" Komano, idzachita ndi carbon dioxide mumlengalenga ndikuwonongeka. .Choncho, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kutengedwa mu yosungirako ndi ma CD a sodium hydroxide.Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi, sodium hydroxide imasungunukanso mu ethanol, glycerol, koma osati mu ether, acetone, ndi ammonia yamadzimadzi.Komanso, tisaiwale kuti sodium hydroxide amadzimadzi njira kwambiri zamchere, astringent ndi greasy, ndipo ali corrosivity wamphamvu.
Sodium hydroxide yomwe imagulitsidwa pamsika imatha kugawidwa kukhala koloko yolimba ya caustic ndi madzi oyera amadzimadzi a caustic.Pakati pawo, koloko yoyera yolimba ya caustic ndi yoyera, mu mawonekedwe a chipika, pepala, ndodo ndi tinthu, ndi brittle;Koloko yoyera yamadzimadzi ndi yopanda utoto komanso yowonekera.
1, Chemical zopangira:
Monga mankhwala amphamvu amchere, sodium hydroxide angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, etc., kapena ntchito inorganic mankhwala makampani ndi organic mankhwala makampani.
1)Inorganic Chemical industry:
① Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchere wambiri wa sodium ndi heavy metal hydroxides.
② Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa zamchere zamchere.
③ Sinthani pH ya mayankho osiyanasiyana amachitidwe.
2)Organic Chemical industry:
① Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa saponification reaction kuti ipange nucleophilic anionic yapakatikati.
② Dehalogenation ya mankhwala a halogenated.
③ Mankhwala a Hydroxyl amapangidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa alkali.
④ Alkali yaulere imapangidwa kuchokera ku mchere wa organic alkali.
⑤ Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira zamchere m'machitidwe ambiri achilengedwe.
2, Kupanga zotsukira
Mafuta a sodium hydroxide saponified angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga sopo ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi alkyl oromatics sulfonic acid kuti apange gawo logwira ntchito la detergent.Kuphatikiza apo, sodium hydroxide ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga sodium phosphate ngati chigawo cha detergent.
1)Sopo:
Kupanga sopo ndi njira yakale kwambiri komanso yofala kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito caustic soda.
Sodium hydroxide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.Mpaka lero, kufunikira kwa sopo, sopo ndi mitundu ina ya zinthu zotsuka kumakhudzabe pafupifupi 15% ya soda.
Chigawo chachikulu chamafuta ndi mafuta a masamba ndi triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
Alkali hydrolysis equation yake ndi:
(RCOO) 3C3H5 (mafuta)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONA) (mafuta ochuluka a sodium)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)
Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira kupanga sopo, motero zimatchedwa saponification reaction.
Zachidziwikire, maziko a R munjira iyi akhoza kukhala osiyana, koma R-COONA yopangidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati sopo.
Common R - ndi:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH ndi oleic acid.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH ndi palmitic acid.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH ndi stearic acid.
2)Chotsukira:
Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotsukira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ngakhale mafuta ochapira masiku ano (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ndi zigawo zina) amapangidwanso kuchokera ku koloko wambiri wa caustic, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutulutsa kofukiza kwa sulfuric acid pambuyo pakuchita sulfonation.
3. Makampani opanga nsalu
1) Makampani opanga nsalu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide solution kupanga viscose fiber.Ulusi Wopanga, monga rayon, rayon, ndi rayon, nthawi zambiri amakhala ulusi wa viscose, womwe umapangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose, sodium hydroxide, ndi carbon disulfide (CS2) monga zopangira kukhala viscose solution, kenako amapota ndi kufupikitsidwa.
2) Sodium hydroxide angagwiritsidwenso ntchito CHIKWANGWANI mankhwala ndi utoto, ndi mercerizing thonje CHIKWANGWANI.Pambuyo pa nsalu ya thonje yopangidwa ndi yankho la caustic soda, sera, mafuta, wowuma ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimaphimba nsalu za thonje zimatha kuchotsedwa, ndipo mtundu wa mercerizing wa nsalu ukhoza kuwonjezeka kuti utoto ukhale wofanana.
4. Kusungunula
1) Gwiritsani ntchito sodium hydroxide pokonza bauxite kuti mutenge aluminiyamu yoyera;
2) Gwiritsani ntchito sodium hydroxide kuchotsa tungstate ngati zinthu zopangira tungsten kusungunuka kuchokera ku wolframite;
3) Sodium hydroxide amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga nthaka aloyi ndi nthaka ingot;
4) Akatsukidwa ndi sulfuric acid, mafuta a petroleum amakhalabe ndi zinthu za acidic.Ayenera kutsukidwa ndi sodium hydroxide solution ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi kuti atenge zinthu zoyengedwa.
5, Mankhwala
Sodium hydroxide ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Konzani 1% kapena 2% ya madzi a caustic soda, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'makampani azakudya, komanso amatha kupha zida, makina, ndi malo ophunzirira omwe akhudzidwa ndi dothi lamafuta kapena shuga wambiri.
6, Kupanga mapepala
Sodium hydroxide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga mapepala.Chifukwa cha mchere wake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika ndi kupukuta mapepala.
Zida zopangira mapepala ndi nkhuni kapena udzu, zomwe zimakhala ndi cellulose zokha, komanso zambiri zopanda cellulose (lignin, chingamu, etc.).Kuonjezera njira yothetsera sodium hydroxide imatha kusungunula ndikulekanitsa zinthu zopanda cellulose, motero kupanga zamkati ndi mapadi ngati gawo lalikulu.
7, Chakudya
Pokonza chakudya, sodium hydroxide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati asidi neutralizer, komanso ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusenda zipatso za lye.Mlingo wa sodium hydroxide solution womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popeya umasiyana ndi mitundu ya zipatso.Mwachitsanzo, njira ya 0,8% ya sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malalanje am'chitini okhala ndi madzi otsekemera a shuga;Mwachitsanzo, njira yothetsera sodium hydroxide yokhala ndi 13% ~ 16% imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pichesi yamadzi a shuga.
National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB2760-2014) imati sodium hydroxide itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pakukonza chakudya, ndipo zotsalira sizikhala zochepa.
8, mankhwala madzi
Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi.M'mafakitale ochizira zimbudzi, sodium hydroxide imatha kuchepetsa kuuma kwa madzi kudzera mumayendedwe a neutralization.M'munda wamafakitale, ndikukonzanso kwa ion exchange resin resin.Sodium hydroxide imakhala ndi alkalinity yamphamvu komanso kusungunuka kwambiri m'madzi.Chifukwa sodium hydroxide imakhala ndi kusungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndikosavuta kuyeza mulingo wake ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira madzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide pochiza madzi kumaphatikizapo mfundo izi:
1) Kuthetsa kuuma kwa madzi;
2) Sinthani pH mtengo wamadzi;
3) Sambani madzi oyipa;
4) Kuchotsa ayoni zitsulo zolemera m'madzi kudzera mumvula;
5) Kusinthika kwa utomoni wosinthana wa ion.
9, Kuyesera kwa Chemical.
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati alkaline desiccant chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwake kwamadzi ndi kunyada.Imathanso kuyamwa mpweya wa asidi (mwachitsanzo, poyesa kutentha kwa sulfure mu okosijeni, njira ya sodium hydroxide imatha kuyikidwa mu botolo kuti itenge poizoni wa sulfure dioxide).
Mwachidule, sodium hydroxide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri, kuphatikizapo kupanga mankhwala, kupanga mapepala, zotayidwa smelting, tungsten smelting, rayon, yokumba thonje ndi sopo kupanga, komanso kupanga utoto, mapulasitiki, mankhwala ndi intermediates organic. , kusinthika kwa mphira wakale, kupanga zitsulo za sodium, electrolysis ya madzi ndi kupanga mchere wamchere, komanso kupanga borax, chromate, manganenate, phosphate, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafuna kuchuluka kwa caustic soda, yomwe ndi sodium hydroxide.
10, gawo lamagetsi
M'munda wa mphamvu, sodium hydroxide angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mafuta cell.Mofanana ndi mabatire, ma cell cell amatha kupereka mphamvu yaukhondo komanso yogwira ntchito bwino pamapulogalamu ambiri, kuphatikiza mayendedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, ndi zokhazikika, zonyamulika komanso zoyimilira mwadzidzidzi.Epoxy resin yopangidwa powonjezera sodium hydroxide imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma turbines amphepo.
Chiyambi:
Koyera anhydrous sodium hydroxide ndi woyera translucent crystalline olimba.Sodium hydroxide imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndipo kusungunuka kwake kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha.Akasungunuka, amatha kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri.Pa 288K, ndende yake yodzaza yankho imatha kufika 26.4 mol/L (1:1).Yake amadzimadzi njira ali astringent kukoma ndi kumverera mafuta.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yamphamvu yamchere ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zonse zamchere.Pali mitundu iwiri ya soda ya caustic yomwe imagulitsidwa pamsika: koloko yolimba ya caustic ndi yoyera, ndipo ili mu mawonekedwe a chipika, pepala, ndodo ndi granule, ndipo ndi yophulika;Koloko yoyera yamadzimadzi ndi yopanda utoto komanso yowonekera.Sodium hydroxide imasungunukanso mu ethanol ndi glycerol;Komabe, sichisungunuka mu ether, acetone ndi ammonia yamadzi.
Maonekedwe:
Mwala wonyezimira wowala kwambiri
Posungira:
Sungani sodium hydroxide m'chidebe chopanda madzi, ikani pamalo aukhondo ndi ozizira, ndipo ikani pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi zoletsedwa.Malo osungiramo zinthu azikhala ndi zida zosiyana zolowera mpweya.Kuyika, kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa kwa flake yolimba ndi granular caustic soda kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala kuti phukusi lisawonongeke mthupi la munthu.
Gwiritsani ntchito:
Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent pamayesero amankhwala, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati alkaline desiccant chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwake kwamphamvu kwamadzi.Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko, ndipo madipatimenti ambiri ogulitsa amafunikira.Gawo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide kwambiri ndi kupanga mankhwala, kutsatiridwa ndi kupanga mapepala, kusungunula aluminiyamu, kusungunula kwa tungsten, rayon, rayon ndi sopo.Komanso, kupanga utoto, mapulasitiki, mankhwala ndi intermediates organic, kusinthika kwa mphira wakale, electrolysis wa zitsulo sodium ndi madzi, ndi kupanga mchere mchere, kupanga borax, chromate, manganenate, mankwala, etc. , imafunanso kugwiritsa ntchito soda yambiri ya caustic.
Kulongedza:
Industrial olimba caustic koloko adzakhala odzaza mu ng'oma chitsulo kapena muli zina chatsekedwa ndi khoma makulidwe a 0 Pamwamba pa 5mm, kuthamanga kukaniza pamwamba 0.5Pa, chivindikiro mbiya ayenera losindikizidwa mwamphamvu, kulemera ukonde aliyense mbiya ndi 200kg, ndi flake alkali ndi 25kg.Phukusili lizidziwika bwino ndi "zinthu zowononga".Soda yamadzi yodyedwa ikatengedwa ndi tanki kapena thanki yosungira, iyenera kutsukidwa ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri.
Ubwino wa zinthuzo ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.Chodabwitsa changa, khalidwe lautumiki la kampaniyo kuyambira nthawi yovomera kufunsa mpaka nthawi yomwe ndinatsimikizira kuti kulandila katundu kunali koyambirira, zomwe zinandipangitsa kukhala wofunda komanso wokondwa kwambiri.
Utumiki wa kampaniyi ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri.Zinthu zonse zomwe zalandilidwa zimapakidwa bwino ndikuphatikizidwa ndi zilembo zoyenera.Kupaka kwake ndi kolimba ndipo liwiro la mayendedwe ndi lachangu.
Nditasankha abwenzi, ndidapeza kuti zomwe kampaniyo idapereka zinali zotsika mtengo, mtundu wa zitsanzo zomwe zidalandilidwa zinali zabwino kwambiri, ndipo ziphaso zoyendera zoyenera zidalumikizidwa.Unali mgwirizano wabwino!
